On October 18, 1558, when King Zygmunt II August, was considered to be the date of the creation of the Polish post office, when King Zygmunt II August established a permanent postal connection between Krakow and Venice through Vienna by means of post office, i.e. spacing horses. The main reasons for the establishment of a new institution were the desire to become independent of the imperial post and the factor of the Fugger family from Augsburg and to create a permanent information corridor for diplomatic and commercial contacts with other European countries.

Many historians believe that the monarch has created a post office because of the so -called Neapolitan sums, i.e. a decline after the mother of Bon Sforza poisoned in 1557. Okay, which Zygmunt August tried to recover, fell by virtue of the forged Testament to the debtor Bona, Prince Filip II Spanish. In order to effectively receive the property, the king needed an efficient communication system. The monarch constantly corresponded with representatives of European courts, in whom he sought support for his case. Despite the fact that the inheritance has never been recovered, the dispute over the Neapolitan sums is at the heart of the Polish post.

The first manager of the new postal institution was one of the courtiers of Zygmunt August, from the Italian Piedmont Prospero Provana. The newly created institution was to deal with both traditional correspondence as well as the transport of goods and persons similarly to its European counterparts. At its beginnings, the Polish post was strongly royal. It was the ruler who paid the messengers, the maintenance of horses and the salary of the Postmaster. With the passage of time, Provana carried out not only the tasks assigned to him by Zygmunt August, but also orders from merchants and magnates, which contributed to the development of the postal system.

One of the intrigues at the royal court led to changes in the board of the post office in 1562. The king dismissed Prosper Provana and entrusted the management to Krzysztof Taksis, representing one of the most influential European families, which controlled all international communication. It was at this time that the first reform of the Polish postal system took place and a structure formed, which we can call Poczta Polska.

One of the greatest reformers of Poczta Polska was King Władysław IV Waza. He saw great potential in the postal administration and conducted activities aimed at developing the institution. The ruler saw a cultural institution in the post office, which, apart from information, distributed ideas. On May 2, 1647, a new postal was established at the Sejm in Warsaw, which consisted in obliging cities to pay a quarter of income to post. Władysław IV in this way established a fixed post tax - Quadrupl. Ultimately, he wanted to create post offices in every city over four thousand inhabitants. The ruler clearly emphasized the national character of the Polish post, which ceased during his reign was a royal institution and became a state institution.

During the reign of Stanisław August Poniatowski, the post was reorganized. It was based on commercial terms. The post office became available to everyone, guaranteed the mystery of correspondence. Seals and stamps were introduced.

The creation of a regular mail changed its role. It ceased to be a tool for the implementation of royal aspirations and became an institution that mainly served the state and its citizens.

The creation of a postal institution in Poland has enabled the crown to include regular international connections. The development of administration and subsequent reforms were only possible thanks to efficient communication, which was guaranteed by Poczta Polska. Giving the post office a state character set it permanently as an active participant in independence reactivation after 1918.

On October 24, 1795, Rzeczpospolita disappeared from European maps. The monarchs of the Russian Empire, the Kingdom of Prussia and the Austria Empire were partitioned by the Third Partition of Poland. The post office was then in the hands of the partitioners, mainly performing an administrative function. The Polish lands entered the authority of the post office of partitioning states with their legal regulations.

The process of organizing the post -partition post began in 1807, along with the creation of the Duchy of Warsaw by Napoleon. Military post begins its activity, and the first mailboxes appear on the streets of Warsaw (the boxes entered in Poland only in 1854). Political conditions strengthened the role of connections with Western European countries. Already in 1807, the French emperor reorganized mail in their subordinate countries. He liquidated the taxis system and territorial communication.

Ignacy Zajączek became the first manager of the newly created administration. Initially, the post office was an independent institution, directly subject to Fryderyk August. Changes in the political situation and the weakening of the monarch's position led to the transition of the postal administration in 1810 to the sovereignty of the Minister of the Interior.

There were 150 post offices in the Duchy of Warsaw - Pocztamts (post offices) and postal stations (Pocztthalteria and Expeditionary Stations), employing about 1,000 employees (mainly postmaster, postal and post -posttar).

Napoleon's unsuccessful Moscow campaign led to the fact that the postal administration in Poland passed under the jurisdiction of Prussia.

In 1815, a decision was made at the Vienna Congress to create the Kingdom of Poland. At that time, the post office referred to Stanisławów traditions and had full autonomy.

In 1816 there were 178 post offices: 25 post -trees and 153 stations. The mail was divided in terms of how to drive into two types: ordinary mail and special mail. The first group included pedestrian mail, providing correspondence and newspapers on the side routes; Horse mails employing couriers riding on horses; pram mail, using a light two -wheeled carp carried into one horse (carried correspondence and parcels under the care of a postalon) and carts, dealing with the transport of people and trade transports. The Special Postal Group was divided into relay-accelerated horse-drawn posts (supported with priority) and extra-packets undergoing courses at a special demand for travelers.

The situation of the mail changed after the outbreak of national liberation uprisings. Employees of postal facilities supported November and January insurgents. Tsarist rule decided to incorporate the communication administration for the sovereignty of St. Petersburg. Communication in Poland operated within the Western Postal District.

It is worth noting that in 1912 almost 800 post offices operated in the former lands of the Kingdom of Poland.

Poczta Polska was reborn only after regaining independence in 1918.

The beginnings of the Polish mail after World War I were closely related to the activities of the Regency Council. Pursuant to the decree "On the temporary organization of the General Authorities in the Polish Kingdom" of 1918, postal activities were subordinated to the Ministry of the Interior. Thanks to the actions of the new authorities, which the main community body saw in the post office, the institution became national.

On February 5, 1919, the head of the state Józef Piłsudski issued a decree appointing the Ministry of Post and Telegraphs. The President of Ministers - the then prime minister, Jędrzej Moraczewski, appointed Tomasz Arciszewski as the first minister of the new department.

When the new prime minister was returning from the United States, Ignacy Jan Paderewski, the minister of post and telegraphs, was then established by Hubert Ignacy Linde. The new minister has significantly contributed to the reconstruction of the Polish communication system. During his term, numerous international relations were established, the field administration was launched, continuity of service by consumables was ensured, the scope of services provided by the post was established and postal institutions were established, which were subject to the new government department directly under the new government ministry - postal savings fund, the main syntax of post -post and telegraph materials, an accounting control of postal and telegraphs as well Telecommunications.

The beginnings of the functioning of reborn Poland are an extremely turbulent period. Continuous armed conflicts and the mobility of Polish borders prevented the systematization of post -field administration. It was only in March 1922 that it was possible to introduce a uniform organizational statute.

On December 5, 1923, the government decided to dissolve the Ministry of Post and Telegraphs. This decision was conditioned by the country's difficult financial situation. Pursuant to the Act on Post Office, Telegraph and Telephone of June 3, 1924, the Post and Telegraph Matters were entrusted to the Ministry of Industry and Trade, at which the General Directorate of Post and Telegraphs was created.

Thanks to the efforts of the government of Marshal Józef Piłsudski, pursuant to the ordinance of the President of the Republic of Poland, Ignacy Mościcki, of January 19, 1927 regarding the establishment of the office of the Minister of Poczt and telegraphs, the former ministry was resurrected. Poczta Polska strengthened its position and started a new stage of activity.

Under the Versailles Treaty, the post office had a post office in the Free City of Gdańsk at Heveliusz Square. It housed, among others, a telephone headquarters with a direct connection to Poland. It is estimated that in September 1939, just over 100 people worked in the Gdańsk Poczta Polska branch. Most postalists belonged to the Polish Paramilitary Organization - the Shooting Association. As part of it and, according to its organizational statute, they were trained at courses in Poland. From April 1939, the command was taken over by Second Lieutenant Konrad Guderski, sent to Gdańsk by the main staff of the Polish Army. He dealt with additional combat training of postcards and preparing the building for defense. To this end, trees surrounding the e -mail building and secured entrance to the building were cut out. In mid -August, the crew of the mail was strengthened with ten employees who were delegated from branches in Gdynia and Bydgoszcz.

The attack on Poczta Polska began at 4:45, simultaneously with the start of Westerplatte's fire by the battleship "Schleswig-Holstein". Earlier, around 4:00, the building was deprived of electricity and any telephone connections.

The attacking German forces included: a special branch of the Gdańsk order police (Schutzpolizei) and SS units of Wachsturmbann "E" and SS-Heimwehr Danzig. In addition to manual weapons, these troops had three ADGZ armored cars. Attack was commanded by SS -untersurmführer Alfred Heinrich.

In the Poczta Polska building at the time of the attack there were 43 postcards of the same branch, 10 postalists delegated from Gdynia and Bydgoszcz and one Polish railwayman from Gdańsk. They had three light browning machine guns wz. 1928, pistols and rifles and a number of hand grenades. In addition, the building was still in the building, his wife and their 10-year-old education. Employees who were supposed to work at 8:00 was detained in front of the police cordon building.

According to the assumptions developed by the main staff of the Polish Army, the postalists were to stay for about 6 hours, until the arrival of the relief of the separated subordinates of the "Pomerania" army. Post -officers, unlike the Westerplatte crew commander, no information about the withdrawal of the intervention corps from Pomerania, nor was the defense command.

The first German attack failed; They were represented. During this attempt, his commander-SS -untersturmführer, Alfred Heinrich-was a mortal wound. At the same time, an attack from the labor office was repelled, where holes in the walls were broken. Here, in turn, he died (from the explosion of his own pomegranate, which was liquidated by a group of Germans attacking through a hole in the wall), the defense commander of Second Lieutenant. Konrad Guderski.

Around 11:00 German attacking forces were strengthened with two light 75 mm caliber departments. Despite this, the second attack also ended with the failure of the attackers.

Around 15:00 the German new attack commander ordered a break in the assault and gave the postcards two hours for surrender. At the same time, a 105 mm click was imported, and the sappers made an undercoat under the post wall, in which they founded a 600-kilo explosive. After the Ultimatum (at 17:00), the load was launched by destroying part of the building wall, and German troops with the support of three guns went to storm taking part of the postal building. At that time, the defense was limited to basements, where the defenders took refuge from the fire.

Around 18:00, motor pumps were brought under the post office, which the Germans pumped gasoline to the basement with the help of fire -free. As a result of these actions, five postcards probably burned alive.

At 19:00 defenders decided to surrender. Director Jan Michoń was the first to come out of the burning building. Although he carried only the white flag, he was shot by the attackers. Józef Wąsik, head of the post office behind him, was burned alive.

Six postcards managed to escape from the building. Two of them were arrested on September 2 and imprisoned with the other defenders; The other four managed to escape and survive the war. The defenders were arrested and placed first in the building of the Police Presidium in Gdańsk (28 people), and the wounded and burned (16 people) were placed in a city hospital. Six people died of people sent to the hospital as a result of injuries. The youngest victim of the attack on the post office was 10-year-old Erwin Barzychowska, the tutorial of the caretaker and his wife. Strongly burned by a flame thrower (when trying to leave the post office) she died in the hospital after 7 weeks.

At the outbreak of the war, civil connectivity was assigned to the country's defense system. In September, teletechnical service was performed by: 43 district telephony and telecommunications offices, 6 radiocommunication offices, about 240 teletechnical supervisors at the peripheral offices and the Central Telecommunications Office in Warsaw. Already in the first days of World War II, communications resolved to fight. In particular, the defense of the Gdańsk Post and their fight in defense of Warsaw and the Modlin Fortress has gone down in history.

After the end of the September campaign, a general governor was created from central and southern Poland, establishing German administrative order. The German Governor of the Governor of October 1939 was established by the German East Post (Deutsche Post Osten), which took over all the property and rights of Poczta Polska. In her institutions, postal and theutory law of the Third Reich was in force. Sending letters of civilians, via German mail, resumed only in mid -November 1939. Correspondence was under censorship.

During World War II, Poczta Polska resumed operations in Great Britain. In April 1941, talks were taken with the British Ministry of the Interior regarding the emission of postal stamps by the Polish government and began to legal regulation of our mail. Pursuant to the provisions of the International Postal Convention, the government of the Republic of Poland had the right to launch branches on commercial ships and war ships constituting part of the territory of the Polish state. Marine postal agencies provided correspondence to the addressees in Great Britain, friendly and neutral countries. In July 1945, in connection with the liquidation of the Ministry of Industry, Trade and Shipping, postal agencies at war ships and commercial ships ended the activities.

At the end of 1940, the government in London appointed the Chief Delegate to the country, which was entrusted with the creation and extension of the underground administration. The envoy carried out his tasks with the help of a delegation dividing into a number of departments, including post and telegraphs, whose structure was based on the PPTIT organization before 1939. During the Nazi occupation, Poland post was a secret organization, a military institution that does not provide civilians. It was only during the Warsaw Uprising that it could act as a public institution. Command entrusted her with the service of scouts. The losses of the Ministry of Communications, as a result of hostilities in Poland, were estimated at over a billion pre -war zlotys. The network of facilities was destroyed in over 70%, and postal and telecommunications buildings as well as 79%lines and devices, 90%of transport were also lost.

The history of the scout's field mail (HPP) is closely related to the activities of the Home Army Field Mail. Conspiracy communication in the structures of the Underground State was one of the most extensive among underground organizations of the occupied European countries.

Pasieka, i.e. the Main Headquarters of the Gray Ranks, was a place where the scout's field mail began its activity. On August 6, HPP was officially created in its first branch at ul. Wilcza 41.

Under the agreement of the head of the headquarters of the scouting with the headquarters of the Warsaw District of the Home Army, the main scout post and its branches in the liberated districts of the city were created. Postal cards were introduced into circulation and letters were adopted in an open state, stamped by the Poczta Polska date stamp, after evaluation delivered to the addressees. Order No. 14 of the commander of the uprising of General Antoni Chruściel "Monter" of August 11 was, among others: "On 6 BM. It was launched on the initiative of scouts Field Post ... Field mail is subject to military censorship ... The entire content of correspondence should not exceed 25 words.

Shipments were served free of charge. However, civilians very often mentioned the received letters for food or clothing, later supplied by scouts to the most needy.

At the same time, the Home Army Field Post was created with HPP, which was managed by a long -time internship as a postcard and communicated man, Major Maksymilian Broszkiewicz pseud. "Embicz". On August 30, 1944, pursuant to the order of Colonel Chruściel, pseud. "Monter", the Scout Communications Service, was formally included in the structures of PP AK.

Despite the lack of accurate data regarding the effort of the field mail (HPP and PP AK), i.e. the number of exposed shipments, it is assumed that the postalists from HPP transferred 200,000 shipments during the Warsaw Uprising. According to these estimates, the postal service distributed about 6,000 letters a day.

Due to the matter of the Western borders of Poland, which was not explained until July 1945, the launch of post offices could not overtake the activities of official offices and institutions of the Polish authorities.

Until the end of December 1944, the number of all facilities in the country was 614, including 382 agencies and 232 offices. The largest number of them was the Lublin District, which reactivated 14 peripheral offices. On September 1, 1945, the range of services was expanded to the level before September 1939.

In the first post -war years, in principle, no post office had equipment in the form of date stamps, seals or stamps. The pre -official seal was used with an eagle in the crown, former German cassarists and rubber stamps with the name of the office. The date of sending the parcel was released. There were also no stamps, so postal services were paid in cash.

Due to the destroyed roads, bridges and railway lines, civil aviation aircraft were the fastest means of delivery. Unfortunately, they maintained connections only between larger cities. Cars and motorcycles were used on shorter routes. As the repaired railway lines are commissioned, ambulance connections and post -collage convoys were successively introduced. The first such courses started on August 16, 1944 on the Lublin -Rozwadów trail.

The basic task of Poczta Polska until 1945 was to rebuild the communications network and achieve the pre -war size of services.

The return moment in the company's operations was 1987. Pptit became an independent nationwide unit. Connectivity obtained full independence, and cooperation with the General Directorate was to be based on civil law and economic mechanisms. PPTIT was henceforth operating on the principles of a multi -loader enterprise.

On December 29, 1988, the Minister of Transport, Shipping and Communications approved the statute of a state unit, regulating its activities in the new organizational structure. According to the changed principles, the general director (appointed by the minister) represented the company outside, determined its internal structure and tasks.

In 1991, Poczta Polska and Telekomunikacja diverged. This is how the joint history of the state unit ended: Poczta Polska, Telegraph and Telephone. In subsequent years, the post office operated as a state public utility company to transform into a joint -stock company in 2009, which is entirely due to the State Treasury.

The activity on the liberalized market turned out to be the biggest challenge for Poczta Polska. New entities providing courier services appeared, and on January 1, 2013, the Polish Post Monopol was lifted to shipments lighter than 50g.

The 21st century brought new challenges for the postal market. The phenomenon of e-institution, i.e. the use of electronic forms of communication, has forced all post offices in the world to define its strategic goals. The times have come when services must be adapted to the needs of customers who use the Internet on a daily basis.

In 2012, Poczta Polska Services Digital Services was created, which in 2013-2014 launched such products as: Neokartka, Neolist, Neoznaczek and Neofaktura. In this way, the most traditional postal services are also electronically available and on the Internet. Today, Poczta Polska also offers electronic solutions for traditional letter and packages such as the electronic version of the advice, the ability to design your stamp or send a package online.

In recent years, the main strategic direction of the post office is the development of services on the courier market. This is a nod to customers related to internet trade.

The external symbol of changes taking place in Poczta Polska is a new visualization of institutions. Poczta Polska changed its color - from blue to red and gold - referring to the tradition of royal mail. The company also started the process of changes in the network of postal facilities. New facilities are created according to a standard covering uniform colors, arrangement, finish and functionality. They have separate zones: postal (letters, packages, payments and payments), banking and insurance (accounts, deposits, policies), commercial (e.g. postcards or press), in larger facilities there are also self-service zones with devices for sending and receiving postal shipments.

In the era of departing from traditional correspondence and progressive digitization, Poczta Polska focuses on strengthening the most promising areas - packages, logistics, finances, international services and services provided to public administration. Pursuant to the decision of the Economic Committee of the Council of Ministers of June 2018, Poczta Polska is a partner for public administration in preparation for the provision and implementation of electronic and hybrid services to provide correspondence for public administration (e-mails).

In October 2021, Poczta Polska launched a production service of the registered electronic delivery (Purde) and a public hybrid service (PUH). Since then, he has invariably provided services for entities with active addresses for electronic service (ADE), in accordance with applicable regulations and requirements.

The advantage of the e-mailing service is access to all official documents in one safe place. The service box (SD) is used for this, which, depending on the needs, can be personal, business or dedicated to entrepreneurs. Anyone interested in using e-mails can choose the ability to authenticate the service with a trusted profile, e-toddler or mobile.

Quick replacement of electronic official correspondence is possible thanks to the address of electronic service (ADE) - to have ADE, you must submit a request to be awarded to the minister appropriate for computerization. You can do it online via the website GOV.pl. After creating ADE, only activation and e-mail address for notification and full use of all benefits provided by the service

Since 2023, Poczta Polska has enabled the use of Q-Dorements (changed in 2024 to e-Polecony), i.e. a new service offered as part of e-mails, i.e. registered electronic delivery. E-recommended can be used by non-public entities, i.e. companies, entrepreneurs, associations, lawyers and natural persons in communication between themselves. Until now, the public service of registered electronic delivery could only be used in communication with public entities - public authorities, including local government administration.